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Answer 5 out of 6 questions correctly.
Read the passage about kelp forest ecosystems.
Just as trees grow in forests on land, large brown algae called kelp can grow in dense clusters in the ocean. These kelp forests grow best in cold, nutrient- rich waters. Because of their dependence on light for photosynthesis, kelp forests form in shallow, open ocean.
The kelp within kelp forests are considered foundation species by many scientists. Foundation species heavily influence their biological community by making a physical impact on the environment.

a kelp forest
Inside kelp forests, ocean currents are dramatically slowed by the drag of the algae. The relatively calm environment within a kelp forest provides refuge for many kinds of fish and invertebrates. A variety of aquatic organisms use kelp to shelter their young from predators or rough storms. Even mammals and birds use kelp forests for protection and feeding! An additional benefit of the drag created by the kelp is that it decreases wave action onshore, reducing coastal erosion and protecting coastline habitats from storm damage.
It is largely thanks to the physical impact that kelp species have on their environment that kelp forest ecosystems are able to provide food and shelter to such a wide variety of plants and animals. When these foundation species are disturbed, however, there can be cascading effects impacting the entire ecosystem.

an urchin barren
Among the many organisms that live in kelp forests are primary consumers that feed on the kelp. Sea urchins are particularly voracious consumers of kelp. In an undisturbed kelp forest ecosystem, predators like sea otters, sea stars, and California sheephead fish keep the sea urchin population in check. But when predator populations are diminished, sea urchin grazing increases. When sea urchins graze in large numbers, they can eat away at a kelp forest until there's almost nothing left. This creates a deforested area called an urchin barren.
Which location would be the most likely to have a kelp forest?
In Biscayne Bay, where the shallow water is warm year-round and nutrients pour in from nearby urban and agricultural areas.
At the bottom of the Mariana Trench, the deepest oceanic trench on Earth, where no sunlight can reach.
Near the shore of Lake Superior, the world's largest freshwater lake by surface area and the coldest freshwater lake in the United States.
Off the coast of California, where the water that rises to the surface as a result of upwelling is typically cold and rich in nutrients.
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